Breast cancer is one of the most talked-about health issues globally, yet it remains clouded by myths, misinformation, and fear especially in African societies where open conversations about women’s health are still often considered taboo. As Breast Cancer Awareness Month gains traction each October, it’s vital to separate the myths from the facts to save lives through education and early detection.
For decades, breast cancer has been the most common cancer among women worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that more than 2.3 million women are diagnosed every year, with nearly 700,000 deaths recorded globally. In Ghana, the story is no different. According to the Ghana Health Service, breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women, accounting for almost one in four cancer-related deaths. Despite these alarming numbers, awareness and regular screening remain low partly due to cultural myths and limited access to proper healthcare.
One of the most common myths is that only women with a family history of breast cancer are at risk. While genetics can play a role, research from the American Cancer Society shows that nearly 85% of breast cancer cases occur in women with no family history at all. Factors like age, hormonal changes, obesity, and lifestyle choices such as alcohol consumption and physical inactivity contribute significantly to the risk. The reality is that every woman, regardless of her background, should prioritize regular checkups and self-examinations.
Another widespread misconception is that breast cancer only affects older women. Though the risk increases with age, younger women are not immune. In recent years, health experts have noticed a worrying rise in cases among women in their 20s and 30s in sub-Saharan Africa. The Ghana Breast Society attributes this to late detection and lack of awareness. Early-stage breast cancer can often be treated successfully, but delayed diagnosis drastically reduces survival chances.
There’s also the myth that men don’t get breast cancer. In reality, men account for about 1% of breast cancer cases globally. Though rare, male breast cancer is often detected at later stages because men usually ignore symptoms like lumps or changes around the nipple. The stigma surrounding men and breast cancer often discourages them from seeking early medical attention.
Some people believe that using deodorants, wearing underwire bras, or undergoing mammograms can cause breast cancer. These claims have been widely debunked by major medical institutions including the Mayo Clinic and the National Cancer Institute. Deodorants and antiperspirants do not contain chemicals that cause cancer, and mammograms use low-dose radiation that is safe and necessary for early detection. What’s more concerning is not the test itself but avoiding it due to unfounded fears.
Another common myth, especially in African communities, is that breast cancer is caused by witchcraft, curses, or spiritual attacks. This misconception continues to delay treatment for many women who seek help from spiritual healers instead of medical professionals. Experts warn that while faith and prayer are important sources of strength, medical attention is non-negotiable. Cancer is a biological disease, not a spiritual one, and early medical intervention makes a life-saving difference.
When it comes to treatment, many believe that a breast cancer diagnosis automatically means losing both breasts or facing certain death. But with advances in modern medicine, treatment options have expanded significantly. Today, patients can receive targeted therapies, radiation, or surgery depending on the stage and type of cancer. Survival rates have improved globally, especially where screening and treatment are accessible. Early detection remains the most powerful weapon.
In Ghana, awareness campaigns such as “Breast Care International Walk for the Cure” and various Ministry of Health initiatives have been instrumental in encouraging women to get screened. However, rural outreach and affordability remain challenges. Many women delay visiting hospitals due to cost concerns, fear of diagnosis, or lack of family support. This is why education, media advocacy, and community outreach are crucial in demystifying breast cancer and making screening a routine practice.
Globally, organizations like WHO, the Susan G. Komen Foundation, and the American Cancer Society are intensifying calls for regular mammograms for women over 40 and monthly self-examinations for all adult women. Local health centers in Ghana also offer free screening during October, which is Breast Cancer Awareness Month, a great opportunity to take that first step toward prevention.
The truth is that breast cancer does not discriminate. It doesn’t care about gender, background, or social status. What matters most is knowledge, knowing your body, recognizing warning signs early, and seeking prompt medical advice. Awareness saves lives, but myths destroy them. It’s time to stop whispering about breast cancer and start talking about it openly, scientifically, and compassionately.
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